Background readings

Introduction to IR

• Stephen M. Walt, International Relations: One World, Many Theories. Foreign Policy 110: 29-46.

Interstate war

• Chapter 1 in Kalevi J Holsti (1991) Peace and War: Armed Conflicts and International Order, 1648-1989. Cambridge University Press.
• Jack S. Levy (2013) Interstate war and peace. In Handbook of International Relations.

War throughout history

• Chapter 1 in Charles Tilly (1993) Coercion, capital, and European states, AD 990-1992. Wiley-Blackwell.
• Andreas Wimmer and Brian Min (2006) From empire to nation-state: Explaining wars in the modern world, 1816-2001. American Sociological Review 71: 867–897.
• Lars-Erik Cederman, T. Camber Warren & Didier Sornette (2011) Testing Clausewitz: Nationalism, Mass Mobilization, and the Severity of War. International Organization 65(4): 605–638.

Civil wars

• James Fearon and David Laitin (2003) Ethnicity, insurgency, and civil war. American Political Science Review 97(1): 75–90.
• Chps 1 and 2 in Lars-Erik Cederman, Kristian Skrede Gleditsch and Halvard Buhaug, Inequality, grievances, and civil war. Cambridge University Press, 2013: pp. 1–29.

Wartime violence

• Benjamin Valentino (2014) Why we kill: The political science of political violence against civilians. Annual Review of Political Science 17: 89–103.
• Laia Balcells and Jessica Stanton (2021) Violence Against Civilians During Armed Conflict: Moving Beyond the Macro- and Micro-Level Divide. Annual Review of Political Science 24: 45-69.

Non-state armed actors

• Chapter 1 in Ana Arjona, Nelson Kasfir, and Zachariah Mampilly (2015) Rebel governance in civil war. Cambridge University Press.

Terrorism

• Luis de la Calle and Ignacio Sánchez-Cuenca (2011) What we talk about when we talk about terrorism. Politics & Society 39(3): 451–472.

Postwar politics and prevention

• Hanna Leonardsson and Gustav Rudd (2015) The ‘local turn’ in peacebuilding: a literature review of effective and emancipatory local peacebuilding. Third World Quarterly 36(5): 825-839.
• Chapters 2 & 3 in Lars-Erik Cederman, Simon Hug, and Julian Wucherpfennig (2022) Sharing Power, Securing Peace?: Ethnic Inclusion and Civil War. Cambridge University Press.

Transitional justice

• Kathryn Sikkink and Hun Joon Kim (2013) The Justice Cascade: The Origins and Effectiveness of Prosecutions of Human Rights Violations. Annual Review of Law and Social Science 9: 269–285.

Legacies and consequences

• Jacob Walden and Yuri M. Zhukov (2020) Historical legacies of political violence. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics, 2020. [Available here.]